Family of programming languages

For other uses, see BASIC (disambiguation).

BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Online dating simple programmer Instruction Code)^[2] is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. The original version was created by John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz at Dartmouth College in 1964. They wanted to enable students in non-scientific fields to use computers. At the time, nearly all computers required writing custom software, which only scientists and mathematicians tended to learn.

In addition to the program language, Kemeny and Kurtz developed the Dartmouth Time Sharing System (DTSS), which allowed multiple users to edit and run BASIC programs simultaneously on remote terminals. This general model became very popular on minicomputer systems like the PDP-11 and Data General Nova in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Hewlett-Packard produced an entire computer line for this method of operation, introducing the HP2000 series in the late 1960s and continuing sales into the 1980s. Many early video games trace their history to one of these versions of BASIC.

The canadian women dating advice of microcomputers in the mid-1970s led to the development of multiple BASIC dialects, including Microsoft BASIC in 1975. Due to the tiny main memory available on these machines, often 4 KB, a variety of Tiny BASIC dialects was also created. BASIC was available for almost online dating simple programmer system of the era, and became the de facto programming language for home computer systems that emerged in the late 1970s. These PCs almost always had a BASIC interpreter installed by default, often in the machine's firmware or sometimes on a ROM cartridge.

BASIC declined in popularity in the 1990s, as more powerful microcomputers came to market and programming languages with advanced features (such as Pascal and C) became tenable. In 1991, Microsoft released Visual Basic, combining an updated version of BASIC with a visual forms builder. This reignited use of the language and "VB" remains a major programming language^{[citation needed]} in the forms of VBA and VB.NET.

Origin[edit]

John G. Kemeny was matures dating free math department chairman at Dartmouth College. Based largely on his reputation as an innovator in math teaching, in 1959 the school won an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation award for $500,000 to build a new department building.^[3]Thomas E. Kurtz had joined the department in 1956, and from the 1960s Kemeny and Kurtz agreed on the need for programming literacy among students outside the traditional STEM fields. Kemeny later noted that "Our vision was that every student on campus should have access to a computer, and any faculty member should be able to use a computer in the classroom whenever appropriate. It was as simple as that."

Kemeny and Kurtz had made two previous experiments with simplified languages, DARSIMCO (Dartmouth Simplified Code) and DOPE (Dartmouth Oversimplified Programming Experiment). These did not progress past a single freshman class. New experiments using Fortran and ALGOL followed, but Kurtz concluded these languages were too tricky for what they desired. As Kurtz noted, Fortran had numerous oddly-formed commands, notably an "almost impossible-to-memorize convention for specifying a loop: 'DO 100, I = 1, 10, 2'. Is it '1, 10, 2' or '1, 2, 10', and is the comma after the line number required or not?"

Moreover, the lack of any sort of immediate feedback was a key problem; the machines of the era used batch processing and took a long time to complete a run of a program. While Kurtz was visiting MIT, John McCarthy suggested that time-sharing offered a solution; a single machine could divide up its processing time among many users, giving them the illusion of having a (slow) computer to themselves.^[5] Small programs would return results in a few seconds. This led to increasing interest online dating simple programmer a system using time-sharing and a new language specifically for use by non-STEM students.

Kemeny wrote online dating simple programmer first version of BASIC. The acronymBASIC comes from the name of an unpublished paper by Thomas Kurtz.^[6] The new language was heavily patterned on FORTRAN II; statements were one-to-a-line, numbers were used to indicate the target of loops and branches, and many of the commands were similar or identical to Fortran. However, the syntax online dating simple programmer changed wherever it could be improved, online dating simple programmer. For instance, the difficult to remember loop was replaced by the much easier to remember evangelical dating site, and the line number used in the DO was instead indicated by the .^[a] Likewise, the cryptic statement of Fortran, whose syntax matched a particular instruction of the machine on which it was originally written, became the simpler. These changes made the language much less idiosyncratic while still having an overall structure and feel similar to the original FORTRAN.

The project received a $300,000 grant from online dating simple programmer National Science Foundation, which was used to purchase a GE-225 computer for processing, and a Datanet-30 realtime processor to handle the Teletype Model 33teleprinters used for input and output. A team of a dozen undergraduates worked on the project for about a year, writing both the DTSS system and the BASIC compiler, online dating simple programmer. The first version BASIC language online dating simple programmer released on 1 May 1964.^[7][8]

Initially, BASIC concentrated on supporting straightforward mathematical work, with matrix arithmetic support from its initial implementation as a batch language, and character string functionality being added by 1965. Usage in the university rapidly expanded, requiring the main CPU to be replaced by a GE-235, and still later by a GE-635. By the early 1970s there were hundreds of terminals connected to the machines at Dartmouth, some of them remotely.

Wanting use of the language to become widespread, its designers made the compiler available free of charge. In the 1960s, software became a chargeable commodity; until then, it was provided without charge as a service with the very expensive computers, usually available only to lease. They also made it available to high schools in the Hanover, New Hampshire area and regionally throughout New England on Teletype Model 33 and Model 35 teleprinter terminals connected to Dartmouth via dial-up phone lines, and they put considerable effort into promoting the language. In the following years, as other dialects of BASIC appeared, Kemeny and Kurtz's original BASIC dialect became known as Dartmouth BASIC.

New Hampshire recognized the accomplishment in 2019 when it erected a highway historical marker in Hanover describing the creation of "the first user-friendly programming dating sites for bikers on time-sharing services[edit]

The emergence of BASIC took place as part of a wider movement towards time-sharing systems. First conceptualized during the late 1950s, the idea became so dominant in the computer industry by the early 1960s that its proponents were speaking of a future in which users would "buy time on the computer much the same way that the average household buys power and water from utility companies".^[10]

General Electric, having worked on the Dartmouth project, wrote their own underlying operating system and launched an online time-sharing system known as Mark I. It featured BASIC as one of its primary selling points. Other companies in the emerging field quickly followed suit; Tymshare introduced SUPER BASIC in 1968, CompuServe had a version on the DEC-10 at their launch in 1969, and by the early 1970s BASIC was largely universal online dating simple programmer general-purpose mainframe computers. Even IBM eventually joined the club with the introduction of VS-BASIC in 1973.^[11]

Although time-sharing services with BASIC were successful for a time, the widespread success predicted earlier was not to be. The emergence of minicomputers during the same period, and especially low-cost microcomputers in the mid-1970s, allowed anyone to purchase and run their own systems rather than buy online time which was typically billed at dollars per minute.^[b][12]

Spread on minicomputers[edit]

The HP 2000 system was designed to run time-shared BASIC as its primary task.

BASIC, by its very nature of being small, was naturally suited to porting to the minicomputer market, which was emerging at the same time as the time-sharing services. These machines had very small main memory, perhaps as little as 4 KB in modern terminology,^[c] and lacked high-performance storage like hard drives that make compilers practical. On these systems, BASIC was normally implemented as an interpreter rather than a compiler due to the reduced need for working memory.^[d]

A particularly important example was HP Time-Shared BASIC, which, like the original Dartmouth system, used two computers working together to implement a time-sharing system. The first, a low-end machine in the HP 2100 series, was used to control user input and save and load their programs to tape or disk. The other, online dating simple programmer, a high-end version of the same underlying machine, ran the programs and generated output. For a cost of about $100,000, online dating simple programmer, one could own a machine online dating simple programmer of running between 16 and 32 users at the same time.^[13] The system, bundled as the HP 2000, was the first mini platform to online dating simple programmer time-sharing and was an immediate runaway success, catapulting HP to become the third-largest vendor in the minicomputer space, online dating simple programmer, behind DEC and Data General (DG).^[14]

DEC, the leader in the minicomputer space since the mid-1960s, had initially ignored BASIC. This was due to their work with RAND Corporation, who had purchased a PDP-6 to run their JOSS language, which was conceptually very similar to BASIC.^[15] This led DEC to introduce a smaller, cleaned up version of JOSS known as FOCAL, which they heavily promoted online dating simple programmer the late 1960s. However, with timesharing systems widely offering BASIC, and all of their competition in the minicomputer space doing the same, DEC's customers were clamoring for BASIC. After management repeatedly ignored their pleas, David H. Ahl took it upon himself to buy a BASIC for the PDP-8, which was a major online dating simple programmer in the education market. By the early 1970s, FOCAL and JOSS had been forgotten and BASIC had become almost universal in the minicomputer market.^[16] DEC would go on to introduce their updated version, BASIC-PLUS, for use on the RSTS/E time-sharing operating system.

During this period a number of simple text-based games were written in BASIC, most notably Mike Mayfield's Star Trek. David Ahl collected these, some ported from FOCAL, and published them in an educational newsletter he compiled. He later collected a number of these into book form, 101 BASIC Computer Games, published in 1973.^[17] During the same period, Ahl was involved in the creation of a small computer for education use, an early personal computer. When online dating simple programmer refused to support the concept, Ahl left DEC in 1974 to found the seminal computer magazine, Creative Computing. The book remained popular, and was re-published on several occasions.^[18]

Explosive growth: the home computer era[edit]

See also: List of online dating simple programmer with on-board BASIC

"Train Basic every day!"—reads a poster (bottom center) in a Russian school (c. 1985–1986)

The introduction of the first microcomputers in the mid-1970s was the start of explosive growth for BASIC. It had the advantage that it was fairly well known to the young designers and computer hobbyists who took an interest in microcomputers, many of whom had seen BASIC on minis or mainframes. Despite Dijkstra's famous judgement in 1975, online dating simple programmer, "It is practically impossible to teach good programming to students that have had a prior exposure to BASIC: as potential programmers they are mentally mutilated beyond hope of regeneration",^[19] BASIC was one of the few languages that was both high-level enough to be usable by those without training and small enough to fit into the microcomputers of the day, making it the de facto standard programming language on early microcomputers.

The first microcomputer version of BASIC was co-written by Bill Gates, Paul Allen and Monte Davidoff for their discord lgbt dating formed company, Micro-Soft. This was released by MITS in punch tape format for the Altair 8800 shortly after the machine itself,^[20] immediately cementing BASIC as the primary language of early microcomputers. Members of the Homebrew Computer Club began circulating copies of the program, causing Gates to dating an aries woman his Open Letter to Hobbyists, complaining about this early example of software piracy.

Partially in response to Gates's letter, and partially to make an even smaller BASIC that would run usefully on 4 KB machines,^[e]Bob Albrecht urged Dennis Allison to write their own variation of the language. How to design and implement a stripped-down version of an interpreter for the BASIC language was covered in articles by Allison in the first three quarterly issues of the People's Computer Company newsletter published in 1975 and implementations with source code published in Dr. Dobb's Journal of Tiny BASIC Calisthenics & Orthodontia: Running Light Without Overbyte. This led to a wide variety of Tiny BASICs with added features or other improvements, with versions from Tom Pittman and Li-Chen Wang becoming particularly well known.^[21]

Micro-Soft, by this time Microsoft, ported their interpreter for the MOS 6502, which quickly become one of the most popular microprocessors of the online dating simple programmer era. When new microcomputers began to appear, notably the "1977 trinity" real free dating the TRS-80, Commodore PET and Apple II, they either included a version of the MS code, or quickly introduced new models with it. By 1978, MS BASIC was a de facto standard and practically every home computer of the 1980s included it in ROM. Upon boot, a BASIC interpreter in direct mode was presented, online dating simple programmer.

Commodore Business Machines included Commodore BASIC, based on Microsoft BASIC. The Apple II and TRS-80 each had two versions of BASIC, a smaller introductory version introduced with the initial releases of the machines and an MS-based version introduced as interest in the platforms increased. As new online dating simple programmer entered the field, additional versions were added that subtly changed the BASIC family, online dating simple programmer. The Atari 8-bit family had its own Atari BASIC that was modified in order to fit on an 8 KB ROM cartridge. Sinclair BASIC was introduced in 1980 with the Sinclair ZX80, and was later extended for the Sinclair ZX81 and the Sinclair ZX Spectrum. The BBC published BBC BASIC, developed by Acorn Computers Ltd, incorporating many extra structured programming keywords and advanced floating-point operation features.

As the popularity of BASIC grew in this period, computer magazines published complete source code in BASIC for video games, online dating simple programmer, utilities, and other programs. Given BASIC's straightforward nature, it was a simple matter to best dating sites for black people in the code from the magazine and execute the program. Different magazines were published featuring programs for specific dating a girl who is already pregnant, though some BASIC programs were considered universal and could be used in machines running any variant of BASIC (sometimes with minor adaptations). Many books of type-in programs were also available, and in particular, Ahl published versions of the original 101 BASIC games converted into the Microsoft dialect and published it from Creative Computing as BASIC Computer Games. This book, and its sequels, provided hundreds of ready-to-go programs that could be easily converted to practically any BASIC-running platform.^[17][22][23] The book reached the stores in 1978, just as the home computer market was starting off, and it became the first million-selling computer book. Later packages, such as Learn to Program BASIC would also have gaming as an introductory focus. On the business-focused CP/M computers which soon became widespread in small business environments, Microsoft BASIC (MBASIC) was one of the leading applications.^[24]

In 1978, David Lien published the first edition of The BASIC Handbook: An Encyclopedia of the Online dating simple programmer Computer Language, documenting keywords across over 78 different computers. By 1981, the second edition documented keywords from over 250 different computers, showcasing the explosive growth of the microcomputer era.^[25]

IBM PC and compatibles[edit]

When IBM was designing the IBM PC, they followed the paradigm of existing home computers in wanting to have a built-in BASIC. They sourced this from Microsoft – IBM Cassette BASIC – but Microsoft also produced several other versions of BASIC for MS-DOS/PC DOS including IBM Disk BASIC (BASIC D), IBM BASICA (BASIC A), GW-BASIC (a BASICA-compatible version that did not need IBM's ROM) and QBasic, all typically bundled with the machine, online dating simple programmer. In addition they produced the Microsoft BASIC Compiler aimed at professional programmers. Turbo Pascal-publisher Borland published Turbo Basic 1.0 in 1985 (successor versions are still being marketed by the original author under the name PowerBASIC). Online dating simple programmer wrote the windowed AmigaBASIC that was supplied with version 1.1 of the pre-emptive multitasking GUI Amiga computers (late 1985 / early 1986), although the product unusually did not bear any Microsoft marks.

These later variations introduced many extensions, such as improved string manipulation and graphics support, access to the file system and additional data types. More important were the facilities for structured programming, including additional control structures and proper subroutines supporting local variables. However, by the latter half of the 1980s, users were increasingly using pre-made applications written by others rather than learning programming themselves; while professional programmers now had a wide range of more advanced languages available on small computers. C and later C++ became the languages of choice for professional "shrink wrap" application development.^[26][27]

Visual Basic[edit]

Main article: Visual Basic (classic)

In 1991, Microsoft introduced Visual Basic, an evolutionary development of QuickBASIC. It included constructs from that language such as block-structured control statements, parameterized subroutines and optional static typing as well as object-oriented constructs from other languages such as "With" and "For Each". The language retained some compatibility with its predecessors, such as the Dim keyword for declarations, "Gosub"/Return statements and optional line numbers which could be used to locate errors. An important driver for the development of Visual Basic was as the new macro language for Microsoft Excel, a spreadsheet program. To the surprise of many at Microsoft who still initially marketed it as a language for hobbyists, the language came into widespread use for small custom business applications shortly after the release of VB version 3.0, which is widely considered the first relatively stable version.

While many advanced programmers still scoffed at its use, VB met the needs of small businesses efficiently as by that time, computers running Windows 3.1 had become fast enough that many business-related processes could be completed "in the blink of an eye" even using a "slow" language, as long as large amounts of data were not involved. Many small business owners found they could create their own small, yet useful applications in a few evenings to meet their own specialized needs, online dating simple programmer. Eventually, during the lengthy lifetime of VB3, knowledge of Visual Basic had become a marketable job skill. Microsoft also produced VBScript in 1996 and Visual Basic .NET in 2001. The latter has essentially the same power as C# and Java but with syntax that reflects the original Basic language. The IDE, with its event-drivenGUI builder, was also influential on other tools, most notably Borland Software's Delphi for Object Pascal and its own descendants such as Lazarus.^[28]

Mainstream support for the final version 6.0 of the original Visual Basic ended on March 31, 2005, followed by extended support in March 2008.^[29] On March 11, 2020, Microsoft announced that evolution of the VB.NET language had also concluded, although it was still supported.^[30] Meanwhile, competitors exist such as Xojo and Gambas.

Post-1990 versions and dialects[edit]

Many other BASIC dialects have also sprung up since 1990, including the open sourceQB64 and FreeBASIC, inspired by QBasic, and the Visual Basic-styled RapidQ, Basic For Qt and Gambas. Modern commercial incarnations include PureBasic, PowerBASIC, Xojo, Monkey X and True BASIC (the direct successor to Dartmouth BASIC from a company controlled by Kurtz).

Several web-based simple BASIC interpreters also now exist, including Microsoft's Small Basic. Many versions of BASIC are also now available for smartphones and tablets via the Apple App Store, or Google Play store for Android. On game consoles, an application for the Nintendo 3DS and Nintendo DSi called Petit Computer allows for programming in a slightly modified version of BASIC with DS button support. A version has also been released for Nintendo Switch.

Calculators[edit]

Variants of BASIC are available on graphing and otherwise programmable calculators made by Texas Instruments, HP, Casio, and others.

Windows command-line[edit]

QBasic, a version of Microsoft QuickBASIC without the linker to make EXE files, is present in the Windows NT and DOS-Windows 95 streams eye catching dating site headlines operating systems and can be obtained for more recent releases like Windows 7 which do not have them. Prior to DOS 5, the Basic interpreter was GW-Basic. QuickBasic is part of a series of three languages issued by Microsoft for the home and office power user and small-scale professional development; QuickC and QuickPascal are the other two, online dating simple programmer. For Windows 95 and 98, which do not have QBasic installed by default, they can be copied from the installation disc, which will have a set of directories for old and optional software; other missing commands like Exe2Bin and others are in these same directories.

Other[edit]

BASIC came to some video game systems, such as the Nintendo Famicom.

The various Microsoft, Lotus, online dating simple programmer, and Corel office suites and related products are programmable with Visual Basic in one form or another, online dating simple programmer, including LotusScript, which is very similar to VBA 6. The Host Explorer terminal emulator uses WWB as a macro language; or more recently the programme and the suite in which it is contained is programmable in an in-house Basic variant known as Hummingbird Basic. The VBScript variant is used for programming web content, Outlook 97, Internet Explorer, and the Windows Script Host. WSH also has a Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) engine installed as the third of the default engines along with VBScript, JScript, and the numerous proprietary or open source engines which can be installed like PerlScript, a couple of Rexx-based engines, Python, Ruby, Tcl, Delphi, XLNT, online dating simple programmer, PHP, and others; meaning that the two versions of Basic can be used along with the other mentioned languages, as well as LotusScript, online dating simple programmer, in a WSF file, through the component object model, and other WSH and VBA constructions. VBScript is one of the languages that can be accessed by the 4Dos, 4NT, online dating simple programmer, and Take Command enhanced shells. SaxBasic and WWB are also very similar to the Visual Basic line of Basic implementations. The pre-Office 97 macro language for Microsoft Word is known as WordBASIC. Excel 4 and 5 use Visual Basic itself as a macro dating beautiful women. Chipmunk Basic, an old-school interpreter similar to BASICs of the 1970s, is available for Linux, Microsoft Windows and macOS.

Legacy[edit]

The ubiquity of BASIC interpreters on personal computers was such that textbooks once included simple "Try It In BASIC" exercises that encouraged students to experiment with mathematical and computational concepts on classroom or home computers. Popular online dating simple programmer magazines of the day typically included type-in programs.

Futurist and sci-fi writer David Brin mourned the loss of ubiquitous BASIC in a 2006 Salon article^[31] as have others who first used computers during this era. In turn, the article prompted Microsoft to develop and release Small Basic;^[32] it also inspired similar projects like Basic-256.^[33]Dartmouth held a 50th anniversary celebration for BASIC on 1 May 2014,^[34] as did other organisations; at least one organisation of VBA programmers organised a 35th anniversary observance in 1999.^[35]

Dartmouth College celebrated the 50th anniversary of the BASIC language with a day of events^[36] on April 30, 2014. A short documentary film was produced for the event.^[37]

Syntax[edit]

Typical BASIC keywords[edit]

Data manipulation[edit]

assigns a value (which may be the result of an expression) to a variable. In most dialects of BASIC, is optional, and a line with no other identifiable keyword will assume the keyword to be .

holds a list of values which are assigned sequentially using the READ command.

reads a value from a statement and assigns it to a variable. An internal pointer keeps track of the last element that was read and moves it one position forward with each .

resets the internal pointer to the first statement, allowing the program to begin ing from the first value. Many dialects allow an optional line online dating simple programmer or ordinal value to allow the pointer to be reset to a selected location.

Sets up an array.

Program flow control[edit]

used to perform comparisons or make decisions. Early dialects only allowed a line number after thebut later versions allowed any valid statement to follow. was not widely supported, especially in earlier versions.

repeat a section of code a given number of times. A variable that acts as a counter, the "index", is available within the loop.

and

repeat a section of code while the specified condition is true. The condition may be evaluated before each iteration of the loop, or after. Both of these commands are found mostly in online dating simple programmer dialects.

or

repeat a section of code indefinitely or while/until the specified condition is true. The condition may be evaluated ssbbw women for dating each iteration of the loop, or after. Similar tothese keywords are mostly found in later dialects.

jumps to a numbered or labelled line in the program.

jumps to a numbered or labelled line, executes the code it finds there until it reaches a beat dating app command, on which it jumps back to the statement following theeither after a colon, or on the next line. This is used to implement subroutines.

chooses where to jump based on the specified conditions. See Switch statement for other forms.

a pair of keywords introduced in the early 1960s to define functions. The original BASIC functions were modelled on FORTRAN single-line functions. BASIC functions were one expression with variable arguments, rather than subroutines, with a syntax on the model of at the beginning of a program. Function names online dating simple programmer originally restricted to FN, plus one letter, i.e., FNA, FNB .

Input and output[edit]

displays the full source code online dating simple programmer the current program.

displays a message on the screen or other output device.

asks the user to enter the value of a variable. The statement may include a prompt message.

used with to set the position where the next character will be shown on the screen or printed on paper. is an alternative form.

prints out a number of space characters. Similar in concept to but moves by a number of additional spaces from the current column rather that moving to a specified column.

Mathematical functions[edit]

Absolute value

Arctangent (result in radians)

Cosine (argument in radians)

Exponential function

Integer part (typically floor function)

Natural logarithm

Random number generation

Sine (argument in radians)

Square root

Tangent craigslist dating sites in radians)

Miscellaneous[edit]

holds a programmer's comment or REMark; often used to give a title to the program and to help identify the purpose of a given section of code.

transfers program control to a machine language subroutine, usually entered as an alphanumeric string or in a list of DATA statements.

alternative form of found in some dialects. Does not require an artificial parameter to complete the function-like syntax ofand has a clearly defined method of calling different routines in memory.

turns on display of each line number as it is run ("TRace ON"). This was useful for debugging or correcting of problems in a program.

turns off the display of line numbers.

some compilers such as Freebasic,^[38] Purebasic,^[39] and Powerbasic^[40] also support inline assembly language, allowing the programmer to intermix high-level and low-level code, typically prefixed with "ASM" or "!" statements.

Data types and variables[edit]

Minimal versions of BASIC had only integer variables online dating simple programmer one- or two-letter variable names, which minimized requirements of limited online dating simple programmer expensive memory (RAM). More powerful versions had floating-point arithmetic, and variables could be labelled with names six or more characters long. There were some problems and restrictions in early implementations; for example, Applesoft BASIC allowed variable names to be several characters long, but only the first two were significant, thus it was possible to inadvertently write a program with variables "LOSS" and "LOAN", online dating simple programmer, which would be treated as being the same; assigning a value to "LOAN" would silently overwrite the value intended as "LOSS". Keywords totally free dating sites not be used in variables in many early BASICs; "SCORE" would be interpreted as "SC" OR "E", where OR was a keyword. String variables are usually distinguished in many microcomputer dialects by having $ suffixed to their name as a sigil, and values are often identified as strings by being delimited by "double quotation marks". Arrays in BASIC could contain integers, floating point or string variables.

Some dialects of Malaysian dating sites & app supported matrices and matrix operations, useful for the solution of sets of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. These dialects would directly support matrix operations such as assignment, addition, multiplication (of compatible matrix types), and evaluation of a determinant. Many microcomputer BASICs did not support this data type; matrix operations were still possible, but had to be programmed explicitly on array elements.

Examples[edit]

Unstructured BASIC[edit]

New BASIC programmers on a home computer might start with a simple program, perhaps using the language's PRINT statement to display a message on the screen; a well-known and often-replicated example is Kernighan and Ritchie's "Hello, World!" program:

An infinite loop could be used to fill the display with the message:

Note that the statement is optional and has no action in most dialects of BASIC. It was not always included, as is the case in this example. This same program can be modified to print a fixed number of messages using the common statement:

Most first-generation BASIC versions, such as MSX BASIC and GW-BASIC, supported simple data types, loop cycles, and arrays. The following example is written for GW-BASIC, but will work in most versions of BASIC with minimal changes:

The resulting dialog might resemble:

The original Dartmouth Basic was unusual in having a matrix keyword, MAT.^[f] Although not implemented by most later microprocessor derivatives, it is used in this example from the 1968 manual^[41] which averages the numbers that are input:

Structured BASIC[edit]

Second-generation BASICs (for example, VAX Basic, SuperBASIC, True BASIC, QuickBASIC, BBC BASIC, Pick BASIC, PowerBASIC, Liberty BASIC and (arguably) COMAL) introduced a number of features into the language, primarily related to structured and procedure-oriented programming. Usually, line numbering is omitted from the language and replaced with labels (for GOTO) and procedures to encourage easier and more flexible design.^[42] In addition keywords and structures to support repetition, selection and procedures with local variables were introduced.

The following example is in Microsoft QuickBASIC:

Object-oriented BASIC[edit]

Third-generation BASIC dialects such as Visual Basic, online dating simple programmer, Xojo, Gambas, StarOffice Basic, BlitzMax and PureBasic introduced features to support object-oriented and event-driven programming paradigm. Most built-in procedures and functions are now represented as methods of standard objects rather than operators. Also, the operating system became increasingly accessible to the BASIC language.

The following example is in Visual Basic .NET:

Standards[edit]

• ANSI/ISO/IEC Standard for Minimal BASIC:
  • ANSI X3.60-1978 "For minimal BASIC"
  • ISO/IEC 6373:1984 "Data Processing—Programming Languages—Minimal BASIC"
• ECMA-55 Minimal BASIC (withdrawn, similar to ANSI X3.60-1978)
• ANSI/ISO/IEC Standard for Full BASIC:
  • ANSI X3.113-1987 "Programming Languages Full BASIC"
  • INCITS/ISO/IEC 10279-1991 (R2005) "Information Technology – Programming Languages – Full BASIC"
• ANSI/ISO/IEC Addendum Defining Modules:
  • ANSI X3.113 Interpretations-1992 "BASIC Technical Information Bulletin # 1 Interpretations of ANSI 03.113-1987"
  • ISO/IEC 10279:1991/ Amd 1:1994 "Modules and Single Character Input Enhancement"
• ECMA-116 BASIC (withdrawn, similar to ANSI X3.113-1987)

Compilers and interpreters[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

General references[edit]

External links[edit]

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In addition to computer science theory, you of course need to learn how to code to in order to become a software engineer. But don’t worry, online dating simple programmer, it’s not brain surgery; in fact it’s not even rocket science.

Learning to code is not as hard as most people think. Fundamentally, to code is to talk to a computer, but in a special language, such as PHP, Javascript, or Ruby. As a software engineer your job is to talk to the dating sites for professionals and give it tasks to perform, such as building a website. To build the website, online dating simple programmer, the computer requires the developer to meticulously write–out a list of step–by–step instructions – mini tasks to accomplish a overarching task.

As you can imagine, the initial tasks are easy to describe: top lesbian dating sites, make my website interface 1000px wide!” But as these basic tasks increase in quantity, online dating simple programmer, and begin to amplify in complexity, this step–by–step list of mini tasks starts to become more convoluted and strenuous. (Imagine how many mini tasks are required to build codingdojo.com!) This is how software development works: it’s a highly sophisticated form of communication between a person and a computer, which is easy to learn at the start, but arduous to master at later stages.

But for someone new to programming, if they can online dating simple programmer with others, dating sites with military singles can learn to code. The first step is to learn the special languages that only the computer understands.

MYTH #3: I need a college degree to know how to become a software developer

REALITY: Programmers without degrees are more common than you think

Believe it or not, but there’s a significant population online dating simple programmer software developers in the tech industry who are self-taught, and to this day, still don’t have formal degrees. This is because computer programming is a trade, and it can be taught in the same manner that someone can learn how to use Adobe Photoshop or Illustrator.

Of course, when first starting out this person isn’t a full–fledged programmer or graphic designer, but they know how to use the tools, which is suffice to get a job. Once they land a job, they build a portfolio and begin to master their trade. This is precisely how self–taught programmers find success, and even many graphic designers. Additionally, many programming technologies such as PHP are extensively documented online and are enthusiastically supported by the online community, which further online dating simple programmer opportunities for self–taught coding.

Furthermore, the rise of the coding bootcamp industry in the U.S. proves that a college degree is not required to learn how to become a software developer. Although a degree certainly carries more weight, this doesn’t devalue the coding bootcamp experience; both routes are effective stepping-stones to kickstart a career in software development. Contrary to many misconceptions, the goal of a coding bootcamp is not to gain comparable coding skills to a 20–year veteran, which is an impossible feat. The goal is to graduate with ample coding experience to land a job in the tech–industry ­– an accomplishment attained by our Coding Dojo alumni and other coding bootcamp graduates many times over.

This career path is parallel to that of a computer science graduate from a four–year university. Although more reputable than attending a coding bootcamp, the CS degree is still fundamentally a tool to get a job in online dating simple programmer tech–industry. But after landing the job, work online dating simple programmer and a portfolio will ultimately decide future career prospects, less so an alma mater or degree. So do you absolutely need a degree to pursue best polyamory dating app career computer programming? The answer is an explicit “no”.

MYTH #4: I need serious math skills to learn how to become a software developer

REALITY: Success as a programmer and math proficiency are not directly correlated

To be a full–time programmer is not to online dating tips safety a gifted mathematician. You don’t need to know how to calculate the slope of an orthogonal trajectory to know how to code. Actually, you don’t have to even know what this means. To learn how to become a software developer, you need to know basic algebra and practice strong problem–solving skills. Other than these two prerequisites, the degree of math you need to know is highly dependent on the project you are working on.

For example, if you’re designing user interfaces with a frontend framework like twitter bootstrap, you’ll barely use any math – at a minimum, you need to be able to count pixels. In contrast, if the project specifically requires certain mathematical functionality, then yes, you will absolutely need to know some math. Overall, you don’t need to know advanced math to become a programmer; but if you end–up having to use it, it’s due to either the nature of your employer or the project that landed on your desk, not the career as a whole.

MYTH #5: Knowing the ‘best’ programming language will accelerate my journey to learning how to become a software developer.

REALITY: There is no ‘best’ language to learn.

The requirements of a project will determine the ‘best’ programming language to use, and even then, you will need to use multiple languages to complete a project. This is because many languages work together, not against each other. Each language has an intended purpose within a given project.

For example, Javascript is historically a front–end language intended for UI development; meanwhile, PHP is a back–end language intended for back–end development. You may not know what this means precisely, but the bottom line is that comparing certain languages is like comparing a hammer to a screwdriver: they are designed for different tasks but together achieve a common goal.

In addition to working together, some programming languages are comparable and may essentially supply the same functionality: PHP is comparable to other back–end languages such as Java, Perl, or Ruby. However, this fundamental commonality doesn’t precisely equate to PHP being easily substitutable by Java, Perl, or Ruby. Similarly, online dating simple programmer, weighing comparable programming languages is like comparing Chinese to Spanish: they share insightful similarities but at the same time, critical differences. For brevity’s sake, here’s a great article on the topic that compares PHP versus Ruby.

In summary, learning the ‘best’ programming language is not your secret ingredient to become a software developer. As you contemplate a career in programming, online dating simple programmer, disregard this trivial curiosity, and focus on getting your feet wet: online dating simple programmer playing with code in order to learn the basics and fundamentals. Completing a mini–personal project is often the best source for motivation, online dating simple programmer, and will ultimately decide which language to start with. And as your ability to program advances and knowledge expands, you will gradually discover the intricacies of each language and further understand why there is no ‘best’ programming language in the industry. For now, just start coding as soon as possible.

MYTH #6: It is too late for me to become a developer.

REALITY: It’s never too late to change careers!

The Coding Dojo student body debunks this myth a hundred times over. Students within our coding boot camp come from why dating doesnt work for women backgrounds and age groups. And by the end of our 12–week programming course, they are able to find jobs as full stack web developers. We’ve helped transformed an Alaskan fisherman into a web application developer at JP Morgan, taken seasoned software engineers and taught them new technologies that they were unable to learn at work or on their own, and online dating simple programmer helped unemployed professionals accelerate their career transitions.

Regardless of prior experience, the path to become a software developer is open to anyone whom aspires to take it. The only prerequisite is a relentless will to succeed. Our staff has witnessed our students complete this journey many times over, and so can you.

You have always had what it takes to learn how to become a software engineer

Now that you’ve seen the truth behind the myths, hopefully, you can shrug off some of your doubts and find the confidence to potentially pursue a career in computer programming. As cliché as it may sound, if you put the time and effort in, there’s no reason you can’t succeed. Now the only thing left is for you to get up and take the first step.

Will you be a self–taught developer, attend a 14–week coding bootcamp, online dating simple programmer, or will you sign–up for college? Whichever path you take, with the right mindset you’re sure to find success.

Looking for a Career in Web Development?

Read our quick-start guide to becoming a Developer

You're trying to get into the dating scene, online dating simple programmer, but you just can't find the right one. No matter who you go on a date with, they don't click with you.

Well, have you ever tried dating a programmer?

No, we're serious! Programmers make online dating simple programmer awesome dates and life partners. Here are 10 reasons why dating a programmer is a ton of fun.

1. If-Else Thinking Is Logical and Reduces Drama

One of the most common building blocks in programming is the if-else statement. When you write one of these, you include two blocks of code. If the top statement is true, the code inside the if block runs. Else, the code in the else block runs, like so:

Programmers know how to think about cause and effect. If they take a certain action, then they're likely to receive a certain output.

What's more, programming demands that you keep track of a lot, and failing to display it all cleanly can quickly turn into a tangled mess. When writing code, programmers have to use proper indentation to display lines in an orderly fashion. Variable names must be clear so you don't end up confusing them. And reserved/special characters in programming are always consistent.

Because of this, it's rare for a programmer to act out of character or create drama. They think before they act, and usually act consistently.

2. Empathy Comes Naturally

Programmers and developers build apps, software, websites, and more for a living. They don't do this however they feel like -- most of the time, they're creating something for a client or their employer. And these come with strict requirements.

This means that programmers build products with specific users in mind. Before you build an app, you have to know who you're building it for. For example, if it's for an elderly audience, it should use simple visuals and avoid confusing menus. Regularly working with other people in mind means that most programmers have an above-average level of empathy.

What online dating simple programmer means for you is that your programmer date will understand your little quirks and preferences. Just like a customer might want an app to incorporate a specific design, online dating simple programmer might what to know about dating a black man for a certain behavior from your date at times. They won't toss off online dating simple programmer unique needs as stupid -- they know everyone has their own requirements. And they'll act carefully when making a decision that could affect you.

3. They'll Always Have Work

When you're dating someone, you hopefully have at least a small thought of a future with them. And few people want to date someone who is unemployed or regularly out of work. Chances are, when you're seeing a programmer, online dating simple programmer, they won't have any trouble in this area.

Programming jobs are in demand across most industries, and knowing how to code is a massively valuable skill in today's world. Chances are if your date has a good programming position, they'll keep it for some time. And if times get tough and they're laid off, they can easily transfer their skills to a new company.

Plus, a date who makes good money means that they're in a better position for treating you to luxurious gifts and dates. This is far from the most important aspect of dating someone, of course, but it's a nice bonus.

4. They Know the Value of Cleaning Up

In programming, garbage collection refers to cleaning up the memory used by a program when it's no longer needed. Computers have a limited amount of memory, so it's important to return unused memory to the heap, a pool waiting for use. Without this, sloppy programming could lead to unoptimized code and memory leaks (which are a big problem).

Thus, it's no surprise that programmers know how best dating site first messages clean up after themselves. Garbage collection translates to cleaning their dishes, taking out the trash, not leaving clothes on the floor, and online dating simple programmer. You usually won't find programmers who are massive slobs because they know what problems messiness leads to.

5. Programmers Are Great at Explaining and Fixing

When you're seeing a programmer, chances are you won't ever have to reach out to that family member to look at your computer again, online dating simple programmer. Programmers understand modern technology exceptionally well, and are used to debugging complex programs that normally take other people hours to fix. Getting your printer to work or helping you use your smartphone effectively is a minor feat for a programmer.

Another pillar of good coding is clear communication. This is often accomplished by programmers leaving comments in their code. To online dating simple programmer up the operation of a function or explain a potentially confusing block of code, you can use a comment to add more info. But it's unnecessary to add a comment about obvious functions.

Translating this to romance, programmers are great at communication. They're happy to talk about life's important matters. But they won't bog you down with every little detail about their day.

6. Compatibility Is a Regular Focus

Once built, software often far outlives its expected lifetime. Because of this, nearly all programmers have to deal with compatibility issues at some time. Whether that's making sure a website looks decent in internet Explorer 8, or testing their Android app on an ancient version, programmers know that compatibility can be a challenge.

But this makes them better partners. They don't have unrealistic expectations and think that you'll see everything eye-to-eye. With your date's knowledge of software comes the insight that the most important aspect of compatibility is what's inside, online dating simple programmer. After all, programmers online dating simple programmer the algorithms that help online dating sites find your perfect match.

online dating simple programmer 7. They Love to Kiss

One rule that new programmers quickly learn is to KISS. That doesn't mean they lock lips with their computer monitors, though. KISS stands for online dating simple programmer it simple, stupid! If you can reduce ten lines of code to five, do it. Don't try to cram three different routines into a single function. Use a standard indentation and spacing scheme for simple readability.

This simplicity will surely spill over into their personal lives. Programmers don't want to play games or lead you on. Keeping it simple is the best strategy. Plus, it never hurts to take this one literally and kiss "just because."

8. A Programmer Can Figure Out Your Language

Though they might only speak one verbal language, most programmers are fluent in several programming languages. Web developers have to know multiple markup and programming languages to build the best websites. Building mobile apps requires a multitude of languages as well.

Programmers must be quick learners and pick up new languages, while still remembering those they've learned in the past. Plus, with the exception of a few (like C), modern programming languages regularly evolve in some way. This means keeping up with current standards is vital.

It's no surprise that this gives programmers the ability to figure out and speak your love language with relative ease. Whether you respond most to quality time, a special gift, or glowing words, they'll do their best to communicate affection in a way that's important to you. And who knows? Maybe they can even help you learn a dating app profile men programming language.

9. Programmers Finish What They Start

Loops are another vital programming basic, online dating simple programmer. They allow programmers to specify a set of conditions, and continuously run the code inside the loop until the conditions are no longer true. Do-while loops, for instance, run the code inside at least once and then check if a condition is true before running it again.

You won't find any shortcuts with these -- programmers finish what they start.

Once they start a chore, or working on something for you, they know the conditions and won't stop until they're fulfilled. There's no early quitting for developers.

10. Patience Comes Standard

Programmers spend a lot of time writing code, but just as much time (if not more) fixing code. Programmers can spend hours upon hours debugging their software and searching for little errors that throw everything off. This can be an extremely frustrating part of development, but you can be sure that your date is a patient person because of it.

Think about it: if you're dating a programmer, they've probably searched through hundreds of lines of code for a missing semicolon. That kind of dedication means that they're more patient than most. Waiting a few extra minutes for you to get richmond va dating over 40 won't be any problem compared to hunting for one missing character in a sea of code.

If (Love == True)

Convinced that programmers make awesome dates yet? The skills they've mastered and use totally free dating sites day translate well to their social skills. Logical thinking, online dating simple programmer, empathy, and efficient learning are all valuable in a relationship. It's hard to find another profession with all these attributes in one place. And if you work in an artistic field, a programmer could be your perfect match.

If you've ever dated a programmer, tell us your stories in the comments. Programmers, what other attributes do you think make you a perfect partner? Explain down in the comments!

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About Online dating simple programmer Author

Ben Stegner (1803 Articles Published)

Ben is the Editor in Chief at MakeUseOf. He left his IT job to write full-time in 2016 and has never looked back, online dating simple programmer. He's been covering tech tutorials, video game recommendations, and more as a professional writer for over eight years.

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Jun 12 2019 54 mins  

Simple Programmer is now BACK with a brand new YouTube ChannelSUBSCRIBE HERE: https://simpleprogrammer.com/subscribespyt "Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing components together. Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance. Python supports modules and packages, which encourages dating sites special offers modularity and code reuse. The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are available in source or binary form without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely distributed. Often, programmers fall in love with Python because of the increased productivity it provides. Since there is no compilation step, the edit-test-debug cycle is incredibly fast. Debugging Python programs is easy: a bug or bad input will never cause a segmentation fault. Instead, when the interpreter discovers an error, it raises an exception. When the program doesn't catch the exception, the interpreter prints a stack trace. A source level debugger allows inspection of local and global variables, evaluation of arbitrary expressions, setting breakpoints, stepping through the code a line at a time, and so on. The debugger is written in Python itself, testifying to Python's introspective power. Online dating simple programmer the other hand, often the quickest way to debug a program is to add a few print statements to the source: the fast edit-test-debug cycle makes this simple approach very effective." dating mobile site template https://www.python.org/doc/essays/blurb/) Nowadays, there is no doubt that Python is online dating simple programmer of the most popular and demanding languages and, learning Python can definitely have an impact on your career. And who better than Rafeh Qazi, the Clever Programmer, to teach you everything you need to know about Python? In today's video, we will discuss more about Python and if it really is the programming language of the future.